Vedic Science International Multidisciplinary Peer-reviewed Journal 

The articles below are the official digital versions of peer-reviewed papers from the print edition of the Vedic Science Journal.

Article  Information

Journal: Vedic Science
Volume: 28 | Issue: 2 | Year: 2026
Pages: 149–159
DOI:  https://doi.org/10.66718/vsj.v28.i2.10    
Received: 15 April. 2026
Accepted: 20 May, 2026
Published: 30 June, 2026

The Puruśārtha Principle

Prof. Dev Tewari (PhD), Emeritus Professor, Faculty of Commerce, Administration and Law, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa,  South Africa

Abstract

This article explores the concept of Puruśārtha in the Ṛgveda and examines its continuing relevance for contemporary life. Derived from the Sanskrit words Purusha (human being) and Artha (purpose or meaning), Puruśārtharepresents both the fundamental aims of human existence and the principle of purposeful effort. The Rigvedic framework identifies four interconnected goals—Dharma (ethical conduct), Artha (material prosperity), Kama (emotional fulfilment and desire), and Mokṣa (spiritual liberation)—which together provide a holistic model for individual and social well-being. The article argues that the Ṛgveda presents a dynamic and action-oriented worldview in which success is achieved through perseverance, disciplined effort, intelligent planning (Kratu), and responsible engagement with society. Numerous hymns emphasise self-reliance, courage, cooperation, and the importance of aligning human initiative with divine support. Wealth and prosperity are not rejected but are viewed as legitimate goals when pursued ethically and productively.

The study further highlights parallels between Rigvedic insights and modern psychological theories, including goal-setting theory, growth mindset, and self-efficacy. The Puruśārthaframework anticipates contemporary research on well-being by advocating a balanced integration of moral responsibility, material security, emotional satisfaction, and spiritual meaning. The article concludes that the Ṛgveda offers a timeless philosophy for navigating modern challenges. Its enduring message is that meaningful progress arises from ethical living, persistent effort, social cooperation, and purposeful action, making Puruśārthaa valuable guide for personal development and collective advancement in the twenty-first century.

Keywords

Puruśārtha, Ṛgveda , Human Effort , Dharma, Artha, Kama and Mokṣa , Goal-Setting and Motivation , Well-Being and Human Development

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How to cite this article

Tewari, D.  (2026). The Puruśārtha Principle. Vedic Science, 2026 (2), 149–159. ISSN: 0975-0312. DOI: https://doi.org/10.66718/vsj.v28.i2.10