Vedic Science International Multidisciplinary Peer-reviewed Journal 

The articles below are the official digital versions of peer-reviewed papers from the print edition of the Vedic Science Journal.

Article  Information

Journal: Vedic Science
Volume: 28 | Issue: 2 | Year: 2026
Pages: 103–124
DOI:  https://doi.org/10.66718/vsj.v28.i2.08    
Received: 4 May, 2026
Accepted: 2 June, 2026
Published: 30 June, 2026

Variable Light Speed and Cosmic Scale Measurement: Electromagnetic Wave Propagation in the Info-Magneto-Electrostatic (IME) Cosmos

Dr Satinder Singh Malik, Independent Researcher in the Foundations of Physics and Philosophy of Science

Abstract

This paper develops a mechanical account of the propagation of electromagnetic waves, and of light in particular, within the Info-Magneto-Electrostatic (IME) framework, in which space is not an empty void but a real, formatted, compressible medium called the celestial plenum. The central proposal is a position dependent speed of light. Where the medium is relaxed and of low density, as in the deep intergalactic void far from any rotating body, the wave propagates slowly. Where the medium is compressed and magnetically tensioned, as in the local solar and galactic vortices in which the Earth is nested, the wave reaches its terrestrial maximum value of about 299,792 kilometres per second. Because a slower wave takes more time to arrive, an observer who assumes the full local speed everywhere systematically overestimates the distance to a remote source and therefore overestimates the scale and the recession rate of the cosmos.

The mechanism is built in stages. The plenum is treated as a dielectric fluid obeying fluidic conservation laws, formatted at the smallest scale into a space filling lattice of rhombic dodecahedral information cells. A toroidal magnetic field, the Rajasic drive, threads this lattice and tensions it by a macroscopic pinch, the cosmic analogue of the laboratory Z pinch. The speed of a transverse disturbance is set by the ratio of this magnetic tension to the plenum density, in the manner of a wave on a tensioned membrane, so that the speed falls where the tension relaxes. The cosmos is modelled as a set of embedded rotors, a grand cosmic toroid containing a galactic toroid containing a solar toroid, so that the field measured at any point is the cumulative product of all three nested step downs, with natural breakpoints at the heliopause, the galactic boundary, and the cosmic boundary.

A three-tier cascade with a containment step down factor of one half per tier, anchored to the in situ plasma transition recorded by the Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 probes at the heliopause, yields an intergalactic speed of light near 65,000 kilometres per second, about 0.217 of the terrestrial value. Applied to cosmic scale measurement, this single correction reproduces the gap between the locally measured Hubble constant near 73 kilometres per second per megaparsec and the early universe value near 67 kilometres per second per megaparsec, and so offers a refractive rather than an expansionary reading of cosmological redshift. The inverse square distribution of light is derived as a face counting theorem on the lattice, with the exponent fixed at two by the three dimensionality of space. The roles of the three energies, the subtle information field, the magnetic field, and the dense plenum foam, are set out as a carrier and modulation hierarchy, and the behaviour of light near stars, dark stars, and the most luminous quasars is explained by the local magnetic gradient. The paper states its assumptions, conjectures, and falsification criteria openly, and confronts the decisive observational test, the time dilation of distant supernova light curves, without evasion.

Keywords

Variable speed of light, celestial plenum, Info-Magneto-Electrostatic cosmos, rhombic dodecahedral lattice, magnetic Z pinch, embedded vortex model, Voyager heliopause, Hubble tension, cosmological redshift, inverse square law, refractive deceleration, falsifiability

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How to cite this article

Malik, S.S.   (2026).Variable Light Speed and Cosmic Scale Measurement: Electromagnetic Wave Propagation in the Info-Magneto-Electrostatic (IME) Cosmos. Vedic Science, 2026 (2), 103–124. ISSN: 0975-0312. DOI: https://doi.org/10.66718/vsj.v28.i2.08